มาต่อกันเลยดีกว่าครับสำหรับคำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษสำหรับเพื่อนๆคนไหนที่กำลังเตรียมตัวสอบ TOEIC หลังจากที่ก่อนหน้านี้ผมได้นำเสนอไปแล้ว 40 คำ คราวนี้เรามาดูคำที่ 41-60 กันเลยดีกว่าครับ
41. facet
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. an aspect of something; 2. any of the faces of a cut gemstone; 3. in anatomy, any smooth flat area on a hard surface such as a bone or a tooth
SYNONYMS
aspect, phase, component, factor, side, element
ANTONYMS
whole
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a very complex issues with many different facets. (aspects, sides)
The consultants came in and learned every facet of our business before they made any recommendations. (aspect, element)
42. incipient
(adjective)
DEFINITION
in the beginning of development or formation
SYNONYMS
nascent, initial, beginning, inchoate, budding
ANTONYMS
developed, finished
USAGE EXAMPLES
His ideas were still incipient and vague; he needed to develop them more thoroughly. (initial, inchoate)
With the economy showing incipient signs of recovery, consumers are regaining their confidence in the stock market. (initial, beginning)
43. malicious
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. wishing to hurt others; 2. committing an act that will hurt others
SYNONYMS
hateful, spiteful, mean, wicked, depraved
ANTONYMS
benevolent, kind, caring
USAGE EXAMPLES
His malicious slandering of his co-worker was unprofessional and unseemly. (hurtful, meaning to cause harm)
I don’t think it was an accident; I think it was a malicious act intended to hurt him. (hurtful, meaning to cause harm)
44. malignant
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. evil; 2. life-threatening
SYNONYMS
evil, hateful, spiteful, wicked, nasty, injurious, harmful
ANTONYMS
benign, kind, caring
USAGE EXAMPLES
The biopsy showed that the tumor was not malignant and was indeed benign. (life-threatening, injurious)
The dictator was an evil and malignant leader. (evil, wicked)
45. spawn
(verb, noun)
DEFINITION
(v.) to give birth or to cause something new to grow; (n.) 1. eggs of fish or amphibians, usually produced in large quantities; 2. offspring, especially when numerous
SYNONYMS
(v.) generate, produce, initiate, (n.) eggs, seed, offspring
ANTONYMS
(v.) kill, destroy, exterminate, eradicate
USAGE EXAMPLES
Male seahorses are very unique in that they keep their spawn in a special pouch in their abdomens. (eggs)
Fewer government regulation coupled with increased freedoms should spawn new start-up companies throughout India. (create, initiate, give birth to)
46. intricate
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. highly involved or complex; 2. made up of many different parts
SYNONYMS
complex, involved, tricky, convoluted, complicated, elaborate, entangled
ANTONYMS
easy, simple
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan was so intricate, I was sure there was an easier way to complete the project. (complex, convoluted, involved)
We can’t let him go because he is the only person who understands all the intricacies of the project. (complexities, difficulties)
47. abomination
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. something horrible or shameful; 2. intense dislike coupled with disgust; 3. an action that is vicious or vile
SYNONYMS
anathema, horror, atrocity, antipathy, revulsion, aversion, repugnance, disgust, loathing
ANTONYMS
enjoyment, delight, adoration
USAGE EXAMPLES
Randolph had always regarded Roger’s habit of lying with abomination. (aversion, disgust)
The mistreatment of children at the daycare center was an abomination. (horror, atrocity)
48. caricature
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. an extreme description or exaggeration of someone or something done for comic effect; 2. creation of such comic representations
SYNONYMS
parody, cartoon, exaggeration, spoof, burlesque
USAGE EXAMPLES
His caricatures of popular political figures always added a bit of humor to the magazine. (spoofs, exaggerations)
Saturday Night Live often uses caricature to make fun of the people on the show as well as to parody well-known figures. (parody, burlesque)
49. civil
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. having to do with citizens or the general population; 2. activities of citizens, as opposed to church or military; 3. polite and courteous, but restrained; 4. socially acceptable, civilized; 5. relating to civil law as opposed to criminal law
SYNONYMS
public, civic, civilian, cordial, respectful, polite
ANTONYMS
uncivilized, ill-mannered
USAGE EXAMPLES
She felt that her civil rights were violated when the police officer cursed at her.(civilian, public)
It is important to be civil even to those people who may not share your point of view.(cordial, mannerly)
50. cliche
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a trite expression or phrase; 2. an overused idea or theme
SYNONYMS
platitude, bromide, truism, saying, banality
USAGE EXAMPLES
Try as he might, the groom found it difficult to write vows that were free of cliches used by so many couples before. (commonplaces, platitudes)
I know this is a total cliche, but it’s true: my wedding day was the happiest day of my life. (banality, common statement)
51. concert
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. agreement in purpose or action; 2. a group of people or things in agreement or harmony; 3. a musical performance
SYNONYMS
agreement, unity, accord, collaboration, cooperation
ANTONYMS
disagreement, discord
USAGE EXAMPLES
All the different divisions worked in concert to provide a seamless solution. (collaboration, accord)
It was a concerted effort which had everyone working in cooperation. (cooperative, harmonious, unified)
52. condemn
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to criticize as wrong or immoral; 2. to assign guilt; 3. to determine unfit for public use; 4. to force someone or something into an undesirable circumstance
SYNONYMS
criticize, convict, sentence, doom, censure, denounce, expropriate, reprove, compel, force
ANTONYMS
laud, praise, acquit
USAGE EXAMPLES
Furious, the boss condemned his employees’ persistent handling of personal affairs on company time. (criticized, censured)
The criminal begged the court not to condemn him to prison, even though he admitted to lighting the condemned building on fire. (sentence, convict)
53. conducive
(adjective)
DEFINITION
tending to promote or encourage something to happen or exist–having the right conditions for something
SYNONYMS
favorable, contributive, leading, helpful, promotive, instrumental, expeditious
ANTONYMS
adverse, deleterious, hindering, unfavorable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Exercising before bedtime is not conducive to sound sleep. (instrumental, helpful)
The relaxed atmosphere at the office was conducive to high spirits and good morale. (promotive, contributive)
54. adhere
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to follow a rule or instructions; 2. to keep to an agreement; 3. to hold firmly to a belief, idea, or opinion; 4. to stick to the surface or an object
SYNONYMS
comply, obey, conform, heed, stick, cling to, attach, support
ANTONYMS
loosen, separate
USAGE EXAMPLES
We are being more stringent in making sure people adhere to coding standards and product check-off lists before we ship products. (conform, stick)
John forced himself to adhere to a strict diet in order to lose weight, but for most people, this type of weight loss is tough to maintain, because adherence to strict diet guidelines can be very difficult. (stick, comply)
55. adorn
(verb)
DEFINITION
to enhance or make more attractive with decoration or ornament
SYNONYMS
decorate, beautify, embellish, ornament, garnish
ANTONYMS
simplify
USAGE EXAMPLES
The beautiful, white horses were adorned with sparkling silver plumes. (decorated, beautified)
Such extravagant adornment is really not suitable for everyday wear. (ornamentation)
56. revere
(verb)
DEFINITION
to treat or regard somebody with admiration and deep respect
SYNONYMS
admire, esteem, regard, respect, venerate
ANTONYMS
disrespect, disdain, contemn
USAGE EXAMPLES
I revere doctors who donate their time and resources to help those who cannot afford medical care. (admire, respect)
The once-revered CEO lost the respect of his employees when he admitted to embezzling funds for his own profit. (admired, respected)
57. profusion
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a lavish or extravagant amount; 2. large quantity of something
SYNONYMS
abundance, extravagance, lavishness, excess, bounty, plenty, wealth
ANTONYMS
sparseness, lack, shortage
USAGE EXAMPLES
This spring the flowers bloomed in greater profusion than in past years. (abundance)
Relieved and happy, she offered profuse thanks to the man who saved her life. (lavish, overflowing, excessive, effusive)
58. placid
(adjective)
DEFINITION
1. completely free of interruption and disturbance–calm; 2. easily satisfied
SYNONYMS
serene, calm, peaceful, tranquil, imperturbable, even-tempered, composed, halcyon
ANTONYMS
frenzied, turbulent, rough, excited, disturbed
USAGE EXAMPLES
The placid sea and the approaching storm clouds appeared to be the calm before the storm. (calm)
Her placid manner often made people think she never got angry. (even-tempered)
59. alleviate
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to relieve or lessen; 2. to make easier
SYNONYMS
mitigate, assuage, allay, lessen, lighten, relieve, ease
ANTONYMS
aggravate, intensify, increase, augment
USAGE EXAMPLES
The medication instantly alleviated the patient’s pain. (relieved, lightened)
Jon’s weekly phone calls were able to alleviate some of his mother’s worry while he was stationed overseas. (assuage, ease)
60. ado
(noun)
DEFINITION
unnecessary fuss or excited activity over something
SYNONYMS
fuss, bustle, trouble, commotion, excitement
ANTONYMS
ease, simplicity, effortlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why is everyone so upset? Don’t worry, it’s much ado about nothing. (fuss, trouble)
Weddings today are too much ado–they seem to be getting more lavish, more expensive, and more troublesome than ever before. (fuss, trouble)