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1. abreast
(adverb, adjective)
DEFINITION
(adv.) alongside each other, moving in one direction; (adj.) well informed, up to date on a subject
SYNONYMS
alongside, aligned, adjacent, informed, apprised
ANTONYMS
unaware, uninformed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Keeping abreast of developments in the crisis allowed the Police Chief to act appropriately when the opportunity arose. (informed, up to date)
With so many news web sites on the internet, it is much easier to keep abreast of current events. (apprised)
2. benchmark
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a standard used to evaluate similar things; 2. a point of reference
SYNONYMS
standard, criterion, touchstone, measure, reference point, yard stick, baseline
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sara’s work on the project set a new benchmark for us all. (standard)
Many people look to their role models as benchmarks for their own success. (reference points, touchstones)
3. capitalize
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to benefit from or take advantage of something; 2. to finance something; 3. to exchange debt for stock; 4. to write in capital letters
SYNONYMS
benefit, profit, exploit, finance, bankroll
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’m capitalizing on my company’s great benefits package by investing in the 401k plan. (taking advantage of, benefiting)
Most investors are weary of companies that have an excessively high market capitalization. (valuation)
4. caveat
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a warning against certain acts; 2. in law, an official request to a court not to proceed with a case without notice to the person making the request
SYNONYMS
caution, warning, admonition, sign, condition
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holding out for a higher salary before accepting a job offer has one major caveat: someone else might get the job instead. (caution)
My office distributed a memo with a caveat against using the fax machine for personal business. (warning)
5. command
(noun, verb)
DEFINITION
(n.) 1. an order; 2. control over somebody or something; 3. in-depth knowledge or great skill (especiallywith a language);
(v.) 1. to give an order; 2. to have authority or control over someone or something; 3. to demand or be entitled to something; 4. to look over something (such as a view)
SYNONYMS
(n.) order, demand, rule, mandate, request, instruction, authority, power, do
mination, understanding, knowledge, grasp, mastery, (v.) tell, direct, require, overlook
ANTONYMS
(n.) incertitude, (v.) follow, obey, comply
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officer was given a command, and he followed it. (order, demand)
His complete command over his staff comes from his ability to use authority in a respectful, not domineering, manner. (authority, power)
6. compartmentalize
(verb)
DEFINITION
to separate or organize into categories or compartments
SYNONYMS
separate, organize, partition, isolate, assign
ANTONYMS
bundle, unify
USAGE EXAMPLES
Good leaders are able to review several critical issues and compartmentalize each one without being overwhelmed or distracted. (separate, organize)
I know you have a lot on your plate, so you should compartmentalize each project and derive a systematic approach to completing each one. (separate, isolate)
7. context
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. a set of facts and circumstances pertaining to a situation or event; 2. the linguistic sense of a word that helps explain its meaning — the words before and after the word in question
SYNONYMS
circumstance, timing, locale, environment, setting
USAGE EXAMPLES
I know you think that my comments were meant to be critical, but you heard them out of context, and you don’t know the full story behind what I said. (circumstance, setting)
It’s important to use vocabulary words in the proper context, because a word’s usage doesn’t always correspond to its literal meaning. (setting)
8. crux
(noun )
DEFINITION
1. an essential point requiring resolution (in an argument); 2. a main or central feature
SYNONYMS
basis, essence, gist, core, point
ANTONYMS
sidebar, add-on
USAGE EXAMPLES
While she has made many good points which may be debated later, the crux of the Senator’s argument is that taxes should be lowered for middle-income taxpayers. (gist, point)
The crux of the problem is that our experiments simply don’t seem to prove our theory. (basis, most important aspect)
9. demographic
(noun, adjective)
DEFINITION
(n.) a statistic, like sex, age, or income, that characterizes human populations; (adj.) relating to demography
SYNONYMS
(n.) characteristic, statistic (with regard to population), group
ANTONYMS
psychographic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our target demographic for this product is active females between the ages of 17 and 25. (characteristic, group)
The geographic segment is the Southern United States, and the demographic segment is farmers between the ages of 35 and 60. (statistic, characteristic)
10. dictate
(verb, noun)
DEFINITION
(v.) 1. to give orders or demands with authority; 2. to speak into a tape recorder for later transcription of the text or to speak text to somebody writing it down; (n.) 1. guiding principals that govern how you behave; 2. an order telling people what they must do.
SYNONYMS
(v.) state, order, command, direct, instruct, (n.) principal, guideline, directive, mandate
ANTONYMS
(v.) request, ask
USAGE EXAMPLES
Devout Catholics follow the dictates handed down by the Vatican. (guiding principals)
I had to dictate letters and e-mails to my assistant while my arm was in a cast, and I couldn’t type myself. (speak aloud)
11. expenditure
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. the act of spending money;
2. money spent; 3. the consuming or using up of something
SYNONYMS
expense, cost, investment, consumption, use
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s true that we should avoid any unnecessary expenses, but we will incur some unavoidable expenditures in order to get this business off the ground. (expenses, costs)
Our monthly expenditures are exceeding our budget, so we’ll have to make some cutbacks. (expenses, costs)
12. impress
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to cause positive admiration or respect; 2. to fix ideas or facts deeply in the mind
SYNONYMS
affect, move, instill, influence, imprint, strike, engrave, persuade, amaze, dazzle
USAGE EXAMPLES
My sales manager impressed upon me the importance of closing the deal. (instilled, imprinted)
The chief of police will try to impress the urgency of the situation upon the officers. (affect, instill)
13. esteem
(v.) 1. to respect; (n) 1. respect for someone
SYNONYMS
(v.) value, appreciate, respect, regard, (n.) admiration, high-regard, respect
ANTONYMS
(v.) disrespect, disparage, (n.) disdain, contempt, irreverence
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although I esteem your opinion, I am afraid that I do not agree with you. (respect)
After the teachers went on strike, there was a drop in the esteem that people had for teachers. (respect, admiration)
14. exact
(verb, adjective)
DEFINITION
(v.) to demand and obtain something often through force or threats; (adj.) correct or precise in quantity
SYNONYMS
(v.) demand, obtain, take, extort, (adj.) precise, accurate, correct
ANTONYMS
(v.) provide, ask, (adje.) inaccurate, wrong, incorrect
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plastic surgery exacts tremendous skill and dexterity. (demands)
I will do you this favor, but I am going to exact a big favor in return. (demand, obtain)
15. disposition
(noun)
DEFINITION
1. personality or temperament, including a person’s typical mood and attitude; 2. a natural tendency; 3. arrangement, organization, or control; 4. a settlement or resolution
SYNONYMS
personality, temperament, temper, character, settlement, nature, tendency, inclination, arrangement, control
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few things could upset Mary’s cheerful disposition. (character, personality, mood)
Harry has a well-known disposition for getting himself into trouble. (tendency, inclination)
16. falter
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to lose effectiveness, confidence, or ability; 2. to stumble; 3. to speak haltingly
SYNONYMS
stumble, waver, vacillate, hesitate, stammer
ANTONYMS
steady, persist, hold [strong]
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her voice faltered as she tried to confess through her tears. (wavered)
She was resolute, and nothing could cause her to falter from her commitment. (waver)
17. harness
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to control and direct something for a purpose; 2. to keep something in check; 3. to put a harness (straps) on an animal
SYNONYMS
tame, control, reign in, subdue, suppress, restrain, yoke, hitch
USAGE EXAMPLES
You’ve got to find a way to harness your temper, because you can’t go flying off the handle in meetings the way you have been. (control, suppress)
We harnessed our joint resources to create a truly innovative product. (reigned in)
18. induce
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to cause or produce; 2. to influence or persuade; 3. to reason and make a statement based on observation and fact
SYNONYMS
persuade, influence, move, impel, cause, produce, stimulate, incite
ANTONYMS
repress, hinder, prevent
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you weren’t already planning to enter the contest, the prize money is sure to induce you. (persuade)
He is a true hero; whenever he sees injustice, he is induced to action. (impelled, moved)
19. allot
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to give out in small portions; 2. to allow to have
SYNONYMS
allocate, apportion, dispense, distribute, dole out, give out
ANTONYMS
withhold, keep, retain
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each candidate was allotted five minutes for his speech and three minutes for a rebuttal. (apportioned, given)
The bus driver allotted all of the front seats to the best-behaved children. (gave out, allocated)
20. contrive
(verb)
DEFINITION
1. to accomplish something by being clever and creative; 2. to make or invent something clever; 3. to create a plan or scheme
SYNONYMS
devise, concoct, formulate, design, invent, engineer, manipulate, scheme
ANTONYMS
chance, hazard, destroy
USAGE EXAMPLES
We should contrive a new plan of action, since the old one doesn’t seem to be working. (devise)
The Internet craze produced a slew of contrived dot-com businesses. (concocted)
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